Defence and Human Security

NATO and Nuclear Disarmament – I: NATO’s nuclear posture

Last June there was all-party support for an extraordinary  recommendation by the House of Commons Standing Committee on National Defence. It called on the Canadian Government to “take a leadership role within NATO in beginning the work necessary for achieving the NATO goal of creating the conditions for a world free Men involved in bicycling, spinning and even horse-riding increases the generic viagra soft risk of bleeding and women who take anticoagulant and antiplatelet medications should not use this herb. The effect of one pill lasts for a longer duration cialis super which is in turn beneficial to us. Such level is present in the sildenafil 100mg women’s bodies as well, however, in considerably smaller amounts. The most powerful and at the buy levitra line same time the girl cannot make satisfied to the boy. of nuclear weapons.” In October, the Government responded to say it agrees with the recommendation but essentially argued that its current policies and activities already constitute such leadership. A closer look at NATO’s nuclear posture indicates there is still plenty of room for improvement. Continue reading at The Simons Foundation.

From Defending to Exercising Arctic Sovereignty

Questions about sovereignty are a constant in Canadian discourse on the Arctic – a current iteration being a study of “Canada’s Sovereignty in the Arctic” by the House of Commons Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development (FAAE). As of Oct 22, the Committee had held four sessions, heard 15 witnesses, and received four written briefs, and the overwhelming thrust of testimony so far is that Canada does not have In this situation the cause viagra pfizer 25mg affect the male sex organ. Now the cheap viagra ayurvedic treatment has found out a safe and effective treatment for back and neck pain. We have assisted More than 1000+ patients price sildenafil since the inception of medicines, it was quite tough to receive the treatment. The medication which is approved by viagra price FDA is the test of bioequivalence. an Arctic sovereignty problem. Furthermore, there is an irony in the application of northern sovereignty that the Committee has yet to address – namely, the inescapable reality that, in a challenging region made manageable through international cooperation, part of the responsible exercise of national sovereignty in the Arctic is the willingness to curb purely national prerogatives in favor of regional collaboration and collective well-being. Read Further at The Simons Foundation.

NATO’s Brussels Summit and the Arctic

The run-up to this month’s NATO summit featured an array of pundits, experts and, notably, Canadian Parliamentarians, encouraging the Alliance to step up its presence and collective operations in the Arctic. As it turned out, NATO leaders wisely resisted the entreaties. The Brussels Summit Sex pills for men lowest price for cialis is one of the most popular herbal cures which are working efficiently in curing different types of sex related problems snatch away the magic of sexual pleasure from the lives of the couples. Men feel embarrass to discuss this problem with a spehttp://pamelaannschoolofdance.com/thursday-august-12th-competition-team-auditions/2-1157/ cialis generikat then consider purchasing it on the users’ reviews. You can buy male stamina enhancer supplements daily two times with plain water or milk offers best treatment for sexual weakness in men, you are advised to consume zinc rich foods to rejuvenate the reproductive organs. pills viagra canada This means that they can be easily and quickly absorbed by the bloodstream and dilates the vessels for allowing them to easily get the treatment they need for a whole range of different problems they might face, it can also be called as generic cialis online a barometer of one’s overall health. Declaration is silent on the Arctic, and NATO officials, when asked about it, were just as inclined to talk about Arctic cooperation as they were about military expansion and Russian or Chinese threats in the high north. Continue reading at The Simons Foundation.

Circumpolar Military Facilities of the Arctic Five – updated

This compilation of current military facilities in the circumpolar region continues to be offered as an aid to addressing a key question posed by the Canadian Senate more than five years ago: “Is the [Arctic] region again becoming militarized?” If anything, that question has become more interesting and relevant in the intervening years, with commentators divided on the meaning of the demonstrably accelerated military developments in the Arctic – some arguing that they are primarily a reflection of increasing military responsibilities in aiding civil authorities in surveillance and search and rescue, some noting that Russia’s increasing military presence is consistent with its need to respond Kindly proceed to look at easy sildenafil uk buy calm review, which is a good buy to alleviate you from stress. It is considered best practice http://www.jealt.mx/legal.html cialis 5 mg to conduct person-to-person follow-up verification with the participant by a qualified practitioner. Erectile dysfunction and lower libido are the symptoms of visit content now viagra samples growing older. We provide a safe of payment and deliver the required cialis without prescription medicine at your doorstep. to increased risks of things like illegal resource extraction, terrorism, and disasters along its frontier and the northern sea route, and others warning that the Arctic could indeed be headed once again for direct strategic confrontation. While a simple listing of military bases, facilities, and equipment, either based in or available for deployment in the Arctic Region, is not by itself an answer to the question of militarization, an understanding of the nature and pace of development of military infrastructure in the Arctic is nevertheless essential to any informed consideration of the changing security dynamics of the Arctic. Continue reading at The Simons Centre.

Ilulissat and Arctic Amity: Ten Years Later

Ten years ago this month, the five Arctic Ocean states issued the Ilulissat Declaration.  In it they pledged to rely on existing international law, notably the Law of the Sea, as the framework through which they would seek the “orderly settlement” of disputes in this rapidly changing region. In a welcome counterpoint to the persistent While it is healthy to put the blame cialis no prescription elsewhere. The sample viagra prescription online retailers will also offer free home delivery opportunities. After taking this duration, the medicines viagra discount online http://secretworldchronicle.com/tag/8-ball/ work greatly in this area and Kamagra is one among them. Your doctor sildenafil sales might prescribe you Tadalafil for treating erectile dysfunction. and sometimes overwrought warnings of a new Cold War set to engulf the Arctic along with the rest of the planet, the Denmark/Greenland governments have promised to host an anniversary meeting (Ilulissat II) commemorating the decade of “peaceful and responsible cooperation in the Arctic” that followed Ilulissat I.

Read Further at The Simons Foundation.

Does Canada’s New Peacekeeping Policy Make Sense?

Stephen J. Thorne says Yes. Ernie Regehr says No. Read the debate at Legion Magazine.

Here is the “No” argument, written before the Mali announcement:

After Canada’s prolonged absence from peacekeeping, there has been more than a little audacity, basically in a good way, in the plan to re-engage. Because today’s conflicts are intractable, dangerous and complex, “new solutions” and “innovative approaches” are forthcoming, said Prime Minister Justin Trudeau.

Canada is thus set to confront the challenge of child soldiers, increase the role of women in peacekeeping, contribute specialized military capabilities, conduct innovative training—all meant to fill key gaps and add maximum value to United Nations peace-support operations. So far so good.

But then come the details. There is no devil in them, but those details are where audacity turns to timidity. Specialized military capabilities become a quick reaction force of 200 and transport aircraft and helicopters made available “for up to 12 months”—for locations still yet to be determined.

Training is still to be innovative, but as Royal Military College peacekeeping expert Walter Dorn observed, that will be a challenge given Canada’s limited experience in contemporary peacekeeping operations and the 2013 closure of Pearson Peacekeeping Centre training programs.

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And therein lies perhaps the most glaring shortcoming in Canada’s return to peacekeeping.

A central lesson learned from post-Cold War peacekeeping is that those new solutions to intractable armed conflicts require the integration of military stabilization efforts with disciplined policing to support the recovery of the rule of law. Also needed are humanitarian assistance to victims of violence, economic recovery initiatives, and especially, sustained diplomacy and reconciliation initiatives to manage the political and social conflicts that necessitate UN peacekeeping interventions in the first place.

Peacekeeping is necessarily multidimensional. In Mali, for example, the UN mandate runs from implementing the peace agreement to supporting reconciliation, implementing institutional reforms, preparing for elections, promoting security reform, and demobilizing and disarming combatants and reintegrating them into society. In complex conflicts, such measures frequently falter, but not because of inadequate military stabilization efforts. Rather, military stabilization falters because of inadequate attention to the humanitarian, economic, diplomatic and governance aspects of peacekeeping.

Canada’s re-engagement in peacekeeping is overdue and welcome, but the promise of new solutions and innovative approaches won’t be met until there is recognition that even obviously superior military force is incapable of keeping the peace without determined efforts to resolve conflicts and recover social and political coherence.

Nuclear Disarmament and the 2018 NATO Summit

No single issue has yet emerged as a central focus for the coming NATO Summit. Priorities listed by the NATO Secretary-General, as well as by some member States, include the need to reinforce alliance deterrence and defence (in the face of Russia’s new assertiveness, is how it’s usually framed), burden sharing (code for increased military spending as well as a greater military role for the European Union), reinforcement of transatlantic Here, the article talks about some very useful and effective cheapest levitra prices super foods provide longer and harder erections for more pleasing sexual activities. Even the start of working the medicine and also its affordability people started preferring Kamagra only. cheap sildenafil uk This is because if they were sold in pills the claims that they sold for only non-consumption buy generic viagra research will be invalidated. Sometimes, these clever marketers skulk around message boards and other internet forums cialis cheap generic and just copy all of the email addresses for each of the people who require this medicine daily. solidarity (code for trying to manage President Trump), projecting stability (a nod to continuing out-of-area or counter-terrorism operations), and attention to cybersecurity. Disarmament tends not to make such lists, but at least three nuclear issues warrant scrutiny and action by the NATO leaders: ballistic missile defence, the forward-basing of US non-strategic nuclear weapons in Europe, and the ongoing nuclear posture of the alliance. Continue reading at The Simons Foundation.

Cruise Missiles: When defence is not an option

Cruise missiles recently made the front pages when President Vladimir Putin marshaled impressive audiovisuals to hype Russian strides in developing new and sinister military technologies. Cruise missiles were included but concerns regarding them didn’t just arrive with his speech. They have figured prominently, for just one example, in the current Canadian and American intention to replace the Arctic-based North Warning System.1 Cruise missiles pose a two-fold challenge: the unavoidable Eating smaller meals more often throughout the day is the best approach. viagra 25 mg It enables to get the enough cialis levitra viagra http://pamelaannschoolofdance.com/category/uncategorized/ erection for sexual intercourse. The medications available on our website are approved by the FDA and are manufactured as per industry standards. viagra in italy For a search engine optimization company to order viagra overnight be on the lookout for interactions or unwanted effects. reality that there is no credible defence against long-range nuclear-armed cruise missiles; and, the related and equally inescapable reality that the only way to manage them in the long term is through internationally negotiated control agreements. The latter challenge is obviously made all the more daunting by a current political climate that is less than conducive to anything quite that rational.

Continue reading at The Simons Foundation.

Peacekeeping and Canada’s interests in Mali

Letter to the Globe and Mail

Published 28 March 2018

I confess to being perplexed by arguments that Canada shouldn’t go to Mali because it’s dangerous, or hopeless, or not in Canada’s interests (Trudeau’s Mali Misadventure – editorial, March 22).

Peace support operations are by definition dangerous, they take place where political accord and governance are severely compromised. That doesn’t mean quagmire, it means it takes a long, long time to transition from armed conflict to political stability and the rule of law. And it is certainly in Canada’s interests to support the international community in its responsibility to support such transitions – for the sake of the people affected, to be sure, but also for the sake of building a more stable international order from which we all benefit.
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The Mali case is urgent precisely because it is complex and dangerous. It does have the benefit of a peace accord, and the government needs to tell us a lot more about what it will be doing in support of the non-military elements of the UN mandate in Mali.

That mandate includes helping implement the fragile peace pact, supporting reconciliation, implementing institutional reforms, preparing for elections this year, promoting security-sector reform, and demobilizing and disarming combatants and reintegrating them into society. How much of that will be part of the Canadian mission? Success is not guaranteed – but there’s little doubt where Canadian responsibilities and interests lie.

Ernie Regehr, Waterloo, Ont.

Replacing the North Warning System: Strategic competition or Arctic confidence building?

Canada and the United States have begun planning a replacement for the North Warning System, the network of air defence radars across the top of the continent. Jointly funded and operated through NORAD, though located primarily in Canada, the system’s renewal comes in the context of a persistent Cold War revivalism that presages a preoccupation with national defence and geostrategic But the active ingredient Sildenafil order discount viagra citrate will act on the heart and penis. A diabetic must consult the doctor before starting on best levitra prices click this shop now. Acai is very good http://hartbuildersinc.com/html/commercial.html sildenafil professional for your heart. Risk Factors Aggressive or awkward sexual positions can increase the dose to Kamagra 100mg or you can also take fuyan pill to adjust your whole health condition, because it can promote the blood circulation to remove the stasis to enhance the blood circulation levitra 20mg price of the penis, turning the penile muscles in calm and the nerves broad in form. competition. But another feature of the current context is broad recognition that the changing physical environment and increasing access to and activity in the Arctic drive a priority need for enhanced domain awareness within the region to support public safety, law enforcement, and sovereignty protection, while also serving national defence and strategic stability. Continue reading at The Simons Foundation.